However, Black Americans still form the 2nd largest racial group. In 1908 lawyer, former miner and newspaper owner Homer Wood (1880–1976) suggested to his friend Frank Bilger of Blake and Bilger Rock Quarry and Paving Company that he organize a gathering to establish a Rotary Club east of the bay. Free walking tours are offered by the City. 'The U.S. Post Office Flies the Mail, 1918–1924. State Route 13 begins as the Warren Freeway at I-580, and runs through a scenic valley in the Montclair District before entering Berkeley. [196] From this latter point passengers would ride ferries to San Francisco. [180], In 2012, Oakland implemented Operation Ceasefire, a gang violence reduction plan used in other cities, based in part on the research and strategies of author David M. It produced Chevrolet cars and then GMC trucks until 1963, when it was moved to Fremont in southern Alameda County. Racial Makeup of Oakland excluding Hispanics from racial categories (2018)[92], According to 2018 US Census Bureau estimates, Oakland's population rose to 429,114, and was 35.1% White (29.0% Non-Hispanic White and 6.1% Hispanic White), 23.2% Black or African American, 0.9% Native American and Alaskan Native, 15.3% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, 17.8% Some Other Race, and 7.0% from two or more races. [92], White Americans are now the largest racial/ethnic group at either 35.1% (including White Hispanics) or 29.0% (excluding White Hispanics). The late 1960s and early ’70s were a period of intense innovation in poster design, from psychedelic music posters to political protest posters. [43] By 1929, when Chrysler expanded with a new plant there, Oakland had become known as the "Detroit of the West," referring to the major auto manufacturing center in Michigan.[44]. Immigrants and others have marched by the thousands down Oakland's International Boulevard in support of legal reforms benefiting undocumented immigrants. Many AC Transit lines follow old routes of the Key System. As a result of Loma Prieta, a significant seismic retrofit was performed on the western span of the Bay Bridge. [95], Oakland ranks in the top 20 of American cities in median household income, with a 2012 value of US$51,863. Oakland licenses taxi cabs, and has zoned cab stands in its downtown, including a bicycle pedi-cab service. The United States Census Bureau says the city's total area is 78.0 square miles (202 km2), including 55.8 square miles (145 km2) of land and 22.2 square miles (57 km2) (28.48 percent) of water. The Paramount Theater features headlining musical tours and productions, while Fox Oakland Theatre draws various musical genres including jam bands, rock, punk, blues, jazz, and reggae. "WWII meant opportunity for many women, oppression for others", UNITED STATES, v. NATIONAL CITY LINES, Inc., et al.—186 F.2d 562—AltLaw, "From Horses to Hybrid: A Century of East Bay Transport", "Jerry Brown's No-Nonsense New Age for Oakland", "Oakland Museum of CA celebrates 50th anniversary of Black Panthers", "Bay Area Census – City of Oakland – 1970–1990 Census data", "Some faults revealed by firestorm remain uncorrected", "On the road to economic success, where we work", "Inflating the Numbers, The Brown administration came very close on the 10K Plan. Accredited colleges and universities include: In 2001, the SFSU Oakland Multimedia Center was opened, allowing San Francisco State University to conduct classes near downtown Oakland. The earliest known inhabitants were the Huchiun natives, who lived there for thousands of years. 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