TTY: 202.488.0406, On November 8–9, 1923, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party led a coalition group in an attempt to overthrow the German government. While the rebels temporarily took over some offices, including the municipal headquarters of the. coalition, to seize crucial administrative and military buildings. The plotters hoped to march on Berlin to launch a national revolution. Hitler slipped inside the facility and took the arrival of the Stoßtrupp as the signal to begin the putsch. The occupation forces responded with mass arrests, deportations, and an economic blockade, which cut off not only the Ruhr but the greater part of the occupied Rhineland from the rest of Germany. He planned to seize control of the national government with a parallel “March on Berlin.”. The Beer Hall Putsch. The Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, or the Munich Putsch, was Hitler’s attempt to overthrow the Weimar government of Ebert and establish a right wing nationalistic one in its place. The heaviest losers were the middle classes and pensioners, who saw their savings completely wiped out. He refused to disband the paramilitary Home Guards (Einwohnerwehren)—on whom he was politically dependent—in violation of a post-World War I agreement between the Reich government in Berlin and the victorious Allied powers. Was the Munich Beer Hall Putsch really a disaster in the long term for the Nazis? Among those who marched with Hitler to the Odeonsplatz were men who would later hold key positions in Nazi Germany: Hermann Göring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Julius Streicher, and Wilhelm Frick. Prison authorities also permitted Hitler to use the services of his personal secretary. From that time on, he was committed to taking advantage of the Weimar democracy to subvert the state from within. Hitler drew important practical lessons from the failed putsch. Hitler, Adolf; Beer Hall Putsch Adolf Hitler (left) and associates in Landsberg Prison following the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. However, they gave him the lightest allowable sentence of five years in a minimum security prison at Landsberg am Lech. It started at a beer hall called the Bürgerbräu in Munich, so it has become known as the "beer hall putsch" or the "Munich putsch". Wearing his Iron Cross, awarded for bravery during World War I. Hitler led a pleasant lifestyle for an inmate. On November 8–9, 1923, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party led a coalition group in an attempt to overthrow the German government. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972. Beer Hall Putsch. By 1921, Adolf Hitler was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party: Support for the Nazi Party had grown under Hitler. In his eyes, the danger to the Reich came from the left and not from the right. Hitler and the Nazi Party leadership cultivated the memory of the putsch. The miners of the Mansfeld district of central Germany took up arms against the police in March 1921, and the Communists called for a general strike, but without success. He returned to the beer hall. , however, the conspirators made a series of crucial mistakes. The start of the lesson concentrates on what Hitler wanted and why he tried to instigate a Putsch in the first place in Bavaria. They planned to establish a dictatorial state and restrict citizenship to Germans of “Nordic” stock, as well as to exclude Jews from political life. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1998. He served only eight months of his sentence. At the same time, members of the Bavarian state government were agitating for change. Biden takes the oath of office with troops on guard and... Government January 20, 2021. Beer Hall Putsch, also called Munich Putsch, German Bierkeller Putsch, Münchener Putsch, or Hitlerputsch, abortive attempt by Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff to start an insurrection in Germany against the Weimar Republic on November 8–9, 1923. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The plotters hoped to march on Berlin to launch a national revolution. They intended to announce the Bavarian and federal government as deposed, forcing the triumvirate to legitimize Hitler’s movement. Hitler and his fellow conspirators planned to crash the Bavarian leaders’ meeting on November 8. The Beer Hall Putsch(also known as the Munich Putsch, but in Germanreferred to as the Hitlerputschor the Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch) was a failed attempt at revolution that occurred between the evening of 8 November and the early afternoon of 9 November 1923, when Nazi Partyleader Adolf Hitler, GeneralquartiermeisterErich Ludendorff, and other heads of the Kampfbundunsuccessfully tried to … In addition, they aimed to pass emergency legislation that would allow the “removal of all persons dangerous to security and useless eaters” who would be imprisoned “in concentration camps [Sammellager] and, where possible, turned to labor productive to the community.” When Hitler and the Nazis seized power in 1933, they achieved each of these goals within two years. In the wake of the putsch, the federal and Bavarian government banned the Nazi Party, its formations, and its newspaper. This article was most recently revised and updated by Michael Ray, Editor. After Hitler consolidated power, Nazi Germany celebrated November 9 as Reich Day of Mourning (Reichstrauertag). They declared their solidarity in Hitler's movement and announced the new government's key appointments. The shootout left 14 Nazis and four police officers dead and put a final end to the coup in the city. https://www.britannica.com/event/Beer-Hall-Putsch, Jewish Virtual Library - The Beer Hall Putsch. While Hitler did have a base of support, left and right-wing newspapers criticized the leniency of his sentence. This concession would have enormous significance in the aftermath of the Beer Hall Putsch to come. Nazi paramilitary troops participating in the Beer Hall Putsch, November 9, 1923. They soug… The Beer Hall Putsch was put down by the Munich police. It put Minister President Gustav Ritter von Kahr in charge as a General State Commissar together with his associates Armed Forces General Otto von Lossow and State Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser. This attempted coup d'état came to be known as the Beer Hall Putsch. The Beer Hall Putsch was a failed coup d'état in Munich, Germany between the evening of 8 November and the morning of 9 November 1923. Hitler and his fellow conspirators planned to crash the Bavarian leaders’ meeting on November 8. At about 8:30 in the evening on November 8, Hitler's personal bodyguard detachment, the Stoßtrupp Adolf Hitler, arrived at the Bürgerbräu Keller to join the Storm Trooper units which were preparing to surround the beer hall. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. It would see its first significant result in the Nazi electoral breakthrough in the Reichstag elections of 1930. Britannica now has a site just for parents! This was Donald Trump’s “beer hall putsch.” It also failed, as did Hitler’s first efforts, but it must not be dismissed as an aberration or small thing. as the signal to begin the putsch. While in prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kamp, the book that described his political philosophy and planned conquest of Europe. First, he understood that the Nazi movement could not destroy the Republic by direct assault without support from the Army and police. For instance, they sought to smash internal political opposition and annihilate those who resisted. Hitler had relied on the paramilitary Kampfbund, but the lack of support from the police and locally stationed military units doomed the attempt. Among those who marched with Hitler to the Odeonsplatz were men who would later hold key positions in Nazi Germany: The aims of the putsch leaders were equally foreboding. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Beer halls in the early 20th century existed in most larger southern German cities, where hundreds or even thousands of people were able to gather during the evenings, drink beer and often engage in political or social debate. Hitler led a pleasant lifestyle for an inmate. Further, Hitler left the triumvirate in the custody of, In a last ditch effort to rally citizens and soldiers, Hitler led around 2,000 Nazis and other, on the Ludwigsstrasse. Students are invited to answer this question by the end of the lesson. The police killed more than a dozen of Hitler’s supporters. But the insurrection failed miserably. Omissions? Hitler was convicted of high treason and sentenced to five years in prison. Meanwhile, the radical and völkisch nationalist coalition, including the Nazis, had united in a formation that they called the Kampfbund (Combat League).